The Croatian months used with the Gregorian calendar by Croats differ from the original Latin month names:
| No. | Latin name | English name | Croatian name | Croatian meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ianuarius | January | Siječanj | month of cutting (wood) |
| 2 | Februarius | February | Veljača | month of changing Also, possibly from "Velja Noć" (Great Night), old Slavic pagan festival that falls in modern-day February |
| 3 | Martius | March | Ožujak | lying month |
| 4 | Aprilis | April | Travanj | month of grass |
| 5 | Maius | May | Svibanj | month of budding (svibovina = Cornel tree) |
| 6 | Iunius | June | Lipanj | month of the lipa (lime / linden tree) |
| 7 | Iulius | July | Srpanj | month of reaping (with a sickle) |
| 8 | Augustus | August | Kolovoz | month of driving the wagon (for harvest) — kolo + voziti |
| 9 | September | September | Rujan | month of animal mating (from archaic verb for animal roar "rjuti", referencing mating calls) |
| 10 | October | October | Listopad | month of falling leaves — list + padati |
| 11 | November | November | Studeni | cold month |
| 12 | December | December | Prosinac | the beginning of the Sun's shining (sinuti = to dawn). Also, possibly month of begging, from prositi = beg. |
Some names are derived from archaic Croatian-Slavic words that are no longer found in standard Croatian dictionaries. In some cases even the meaning of those words is ambiguous.
In Macedonian, Listopad is also the (archaic) name for October but in Polish, Czech listopad, Belarusian 'listapad' ('Лiстапад') and Ukrainian "lystopad" means November. Likewise, Polish sierpień, Czech srpen and Ukrainian "serpen'" mean August rather than July, and Polish lipiec (Ukrainian "lypen'") means July rather than June.
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